By Emma Hogbin in Plants —

Holly (Ilex aquifolium)

Holly (Ilex aquifolium)
Holly berries, tree

Caution: berries are toxic!

Identification

Short tree with waxy, irregularly shaped leaves. Leaves often have thorns. In winter, some trees have red or white berries. Garden cultivars may have yellow stripes on the leaves.

Botany

Spikes on the leaves are a response to predation. Leaves higher on the tree often lack spikes.

Part of the plant to use

Berries - caution! they are toxic!

Lore

Connected to yule festivities. Often planted near houses to protect them from lightning strikes.

Colour

holly ink made from berries

Deep browns: cooked in alkali

Light brown / pinks: cooked in acid

Black and greys: add iron II sulphate

holly ink modified with iron II sulphate