Pollen Record
Key findings * Not everything in the record was definitely there. For example, pine trees have highly mobile pollen and can sometimes be overrepresented in the pollen record. * Not everything absent from the pollen record was absent on the ground. For example, insect-pollinated plants are often absent, or under-represented in the
Species: Oak
None of what I've studied looks at the links of the trees that colonised Dartmoor after glaciation compared to the trees that are here today. Genetics are not referenced -- simply the familial relationship of a species within a genus. A continuous lineage of native trees is a
Pollen Record
The history of plants on Dartmoor is known from only a handful of studies which have been conducted on Dartmoor. Each of the studies has taken a sliver of dirt, and then examined it under a microscope to find the pollen from the plants that have grown here over time.
Species: Oak
Identification Large tree with distinctive lobed leaves. Also, commonly appears in hedgerows. Acorns caps may have long (Q. robur) or short stem (Q. petraea). Botany The fruit, acorns, appear in mast years, occurring every 3-10 years. Oaks will grow for more than a thousand years, and support hundreds of other
Species: Oak
Based on the number of recipes out there, it seems like any ol' method will do when it comes to making iron gall ink; however, my first attempt was terrible. In reading the conservation research, these are the most important factors for getting black ink. * Hot water extraction works
Species: Oak
My thanks to Ibby Lanfear for these up-to-date articles on iron gall ink. * Iron-gall inks: a review of their degradation mechanisms and conservation treatments * Non-destructive analyses of iron-polyphenolic complexes for reconstructing iron-gall inks historical recipes * Exploring the properties and degradation of iron gall inks and logwood ink and their mixtures
Species: Oak
Iron gall ink is a black ink made from oak galls, iron salts, and gum Arabic. Iron gall ink has been in use for thousands of years. It is considered permanent, and has been used for legal documents until recently. Oak galls are wasp incubation pods found on oak trees.